Papers, Presentations, and Regulator Filings

Papers, presentations, and other documents that describe the M-Lab platform, tests, and data, as well as research results obtained from the analysis of M-Lab data, are shown below. (*) Denotes paper contributed to by member(s) of the M-Lab team (at the time of publication).

Papers

2022

The importance of contextualization of crowdsourced active speed test measurements

Crowdsourced speed test measurements, such as those by Ookla® and Measurement Lab (M-Lab), offer a critical view of network access and performance from the user’s perspective. However, we argue that taking these measurements at surface value is problematic. It is essential to contextualize these measurements to understand better what the attained upload and download speeds truly measure. To this end, we develop a novel Broadband Subscription Tier (BST) methodology that associates a speed test data point with a residential broadband subscription plan. Our evaluation of this methodology with the FCC’s MBA dataset shows over 96% accuracy. We augment approximately 1.5M Ookla and M-Lab speed test measurements from four major U.S. cities with the BST methodology. We show that many low-speed data points are attributable to lower-tier subscriptions and not necessarily poor access. Then, for a subset of the measurement sample (80k data points), we quantify the impact of access link type (WiFi or wired), WiFi spectrum band and RSSI (if applicable), and device memory on speed test performance. Interestingly, we observe that measurement time of day only marginally affects the reported speeds. Finally, we show that the median throughput reported by Ookla speed tests can be up to two times greater than M-Lab measurements for the same subscription tier, city, and ISP due to M-Lab’s employment of different measurement methodologies. Based on our results, we put forward a set of recommendations for both speed test vendors and the FCC to con-textualize speed test data points and correctly interpret measured performance.

Udit Paul, Jiamo Liu, Mengyang Gu, Arpit Gupta, Elizabeth Belding

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The ukrainian internet under attack: an NDT perspective *

On February 24, 2022, Russia began a large-scale invasion of Ukraine, the first widespread conflict in a country with high levels of network penetration. Because the Internet was designed with resilience under warfare in mind, the war in Ukraine offers the networking community a unique opportunity to evaluate whether and to what extent this design goal has been realized. We provide an early glimpse at Ukrainian network resilience over 54 days of war using data from Measurement Lab’s Network Diagnostic Tool (NDT). We find that NDT users’ network performance did indeed degrade - e.g. with average packet loss rates increasing by as much as 500% relative to pre-wartime baselines in some regions - and that the intensity of the degradation correlated with the presence of Russian troops in the region. Performance degradation also correlated with changes in traceroute paths; we observed an increase in path diversity and significant changes to routing decisions at Ukrainian border Autonomous Systems (ASes) post-invasion. Overall, the use of diverse and changing paths speaks to the resilience of the Internet’s underlying routing algorithms, while the correlated degradation in performance highlights a need for continued efforts to ensure usability and stability during war.

Akshath Jain, Deepayan Patra, Peijing Xu, Justine Sherry, Phillipa Gill

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M-Lab: User Initiated Internet Data for the Research Community *

Measurement Lab (M-Lab) is an open, distributed server platform on which researchers have deployed measurement tools. Its mission is to measure the Internet, save the data and make it universally accessible and useful. This paper serves as an update on the MLab platform 10+ years after its initial introduction to the research community. Here, we detail the current state of the M-Lab distributed platform, highlights existing measurements/data available on the platform, and describes opportunities for further engagement between the networking research community and the platform.

Phillipa Gill, Christophe Diot, Lai Yi Ohlsen, Matt Mathis, and Stephen Soltesz

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2019

How to leverage Measurement Lab Internet metrics to get useful insights through Data Science

Measurement Lab is an open source project that provides data on Internet performance measure ments. TOP-IX Consortium decided to leverage the open data provided by M-Lab to explore the impact of its network on the territory and the factors that might influence the performances of the connectivity providers among its members, in particular FWA operators. This paper presents the data acquisition process and three case studies related to commercial plans comparison, coverage and weather, including the advantages and obstacles of the data used and approach presented.

Stefania Delprete, Christian Racca - TOP-IX Consortium Gianni Spalluto - Eutelsat Communications

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Deprecating the TCP Macroscopic Model

The TCP Macroscopic Model will be completely obsolete soon. It was a closed form performance model for Van Jacobson’s land- mark congestion control algorithms presented at Sigcomm’88. Ja- cobson88 requires relatively large buffers to function as intended, while Moore’s law is making them uneconomical. BBR-TCP is a break from the past, unconstrained by many of the assumptions and principles defined in Jacobson88. It already out performs Reno and CUBIC TCP over large portions of the Internet, generally without creating queues of the sort needed by earlier congestion control algorithms. It offers the potential to scale better while using less queue buffer space than existing algorithms. Because BBR-TCP is built on an entirely new set of principles, it has the potential to deprecate many things, including the Macro- scopic Model. New research will be required to lay a solid founda- tion for an Internet built on BBR.

Matt Mathis, Jamshid Mahdavi

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Complementary realities: Public domain Internet measurements in the development of Canada’s universal access policies

As access to the Internet has become increasingly essential for social and economic participation, public domain Internet measurements have become indispensable for users to validate quality of service their network operator delivers and for policymakers to identify and address gaps in broadband infrastructure. This article evaluates public domain Internet performance measurements available for assessing the state of connectivity and developing universal access service quality standards in Canada. The analysis suggests that different approaches to Internet measurement represent complementary windows into a complex and fast evolving reality of broadband connectivity. Despite their potential shortcomings, large-scale crowdsourced open data network testing platforms have a central role to play in enabling broadband infrastructure policy coordination across different levels of government, empowerment of consumers, and achievement of universal service objectives for quality of service users experience when accessing the open Internet.

Reza Rajabiun, Fenwick McKelvey

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Estimating Residential Broadband Capacity using Big Data from M-Lab

Knowing residential broadband capacity profiles across a population is of interest to both consumers and regulators who want to compare or audit performance of various broadband service offerings. Unfortunately, extracting broadband capacity from speed tests in public datasets like M-Lab is challenging because tests are indexed by client IP address which can be dynamic and/or obfuscated by NAT, and variable network conditions can affect measurements. This paper presents the first systematic effort to isolate households and extract their broadband capacity using 63 million speed test measurements recorded over a 12 month period in the M-Lab dataset. We first identify a key parameter, the correlation between measured speed and congestion count for a specific client IP address, as an indicator of whether the IP address represents a single house, or a plurality of houses that may be dynamically sharing addresses or be aggregated behind a NAT. We then validate our approach by comparing to ground truth taken from a few known houses, and at larger scale by checking internal consistency across ISPs and across months. Lastly, we present results that isolate households and estimate their broadband capacity based on measured data, and additionally reveal insights into the prevalence of NAT and variations in service capacity tiers across ISPs.

Xiaohong Deng, Yun Feng, Hassan Habibi Gharakheili, Vijay Sivaraman

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2018

Access is more than cost: Measuring the quality of mobile broadband service

A4AI’s December 2018 report examines the policy dynamics that define the quality of mobile broadband service experienced by users across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Taking a step beyond our core research around affordable access and the cost of connectivity, this brief report informs ongoing efforts to translate Internet access into meaningful access for everyone.

Teddy Woodhouse (Research Analyst and Advocate, A4AI) and Dhanaraj Thakur (Research Director, Web Foundation)

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Can Competition-Enhancing Regulation Bridge the Quality Divide in Internet Provision?

An analysis focusing on explaining differences in average connection speed per country per year using a pro-competition regulatory score constructed from country responses to an annual survey of national ICT regulators conducted by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

Montenegro, Lourdes National University of Singapore (NUS)

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Reelección presidencial con los medios en crisis | Balance especial Elecciones 2018

An overview of the Internet conditions during the 2018 elections in Venezuela.

IPYS Venezuela

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2017

NETPerfTrace – Predicting Internet Path Dynamics and Performance with Machine Learning

We study the problem of predicting Internet path changes and path performance using traceroute measurements and machine learning models. Path changes are frequently linked to path inflation and performance degradation, therefore the relevance of the problem. We introduce NETPerfTrace, an Internet Path Tracking system to forecast path changes and path latency variations.

Wasserman, Sarah; Casas, Pedro; Cuvelier, Thibaut; Donnet, Benoit

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New Worldwide Broadband Speed League Unveiled

New data, extracted by Cable.co.uk from over 63m broadband speed tests worldwide reveals UK speeds are behind 30 other countries. At 16.51Mbps, the UK lags behind 19 European countries, 17 of them in the EU, but comes ahead of 158 other countries including Italy, France, Ireland and Monaco. Singapore ranks as the world’s fastest country with speeds of 55.13Mbps, with war-torn Yemen coming in last at an average speed of just 0.34Mbps

Cable.co.uk

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1,5 MB de lentitud y opacidad | Bitácora de las elecciones municipales del #10Dic

An overview of Internet speeds and access to information in Venezuela.

IPYS Venezuela

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OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2017

The biennial OECD Digital Economy Outlook examines and documents evolutions and emerging opportunities and challenges in the digital economy. It highlights how OECD countries and partner economies are taking advantage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the Internet to meet their public policy objectives. Through comparative evidence, it informs policy makers of regulatory practices and policy options to help maximise the potential of the digital economy as a driver for innovation and inclusive growth.

OECD

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The Record Route Option is an Option!

The IPv4 Record Route (RR) Option instructs routers to record their IP addresses in a packet. RR is subject to a nine hop limit and, traditionally, inconsistent support from routers. Recent changes in interdomain connectivity—the so-called “flattening Internet”—and new best practices for how routers should handle RR packets suggest that now is a good time to reassess the potential of the RR Option.

B. Goodchild, Y. Chiu, H. Lu, R. Hansen, M. Calder, D. Choffnes, W. Lloyd, M. Luckie, E. Katz-Bassett. ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), 2017.

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Strategic choice and broadband divergence in the transition to next generation networks: Evidence from Canada and the U.S.

This article investigates how infrastructure competition among broadband network infrastructure operators in Canada and the U.S. has influenced their incentives to increase fixed broadband connection speeds and invest in next generation fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) technologies. The evolution of measured broadband speeds since the late 2000s documents growing differences in the incentives of dominant broadband operators to respond to demand for higher speed connectivity by increasing connectivity speeds they deliver to their customers. Dominant network operators in Canada have shown relatively stronger incentives than their counterparts in the U.S. to invest in and increase the capacity of legacy platforms. In the U.S. FTTP deployment incentives have been somewhat stronger, but network operators have been more reluctant to upgrade legacy technologies to deliver higher speeds. Diversity of strategic choices by large operators helps explain increasing regional and local broadband infrastructure gaps within the two countries. A high dividend payout financial strategy and increasing vertical integration appear to enhance the potential for overinvestment and inefficient duplication in legacy platforms by competing infrastructure providers.

Reza Rajabiun, Catherine Middleton

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Regulatory Federalism and Broadband Divergence: Implications of Invoking Europe in the Making of Canadian Telecom Policy

Invocations of Europe are increasingly evident in Canadian debates about wholesale broadband access, consumer protection, network neutrality and basic service policies. While some stakeholders in Canadian debates point to national and local approaches in Europe that appear to have been relatively successful in fostering broadband infrastructure development, others suggest that Europe is lagging behind and Canada should avoid Europe’s purported policy errors.

Reza Rajabiun, Catherine Middleton

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Towards estimating the untapped potential: a global malicious DDoS mean capacity estimate

What is the malicious reflected distributed denial of service (rDDoS) mean potential of the Internet? The authors have been using data from the openNTP project which measures the number of reflectors on the Internet since 2014 until now, and completed a graph that roughly estimates a lower boundary for global rDDoS mean potential across four Internet protocols (IPs); SSDP, NTP, SNMP and open recursive DNS.

Eireann Leverett, Aaron Kaplan

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Measuring Broadband in Schools *

The challenges that school administrators face when budgeting for and deploying technology vary widely, as do their approaches to supporting its use within their schools. Measuring and assessing network health is a critical challenge facing public schools as they plan for both today’s and tomorrow’s broadband needs. New America’s Open Technology Institute (OTI) and Education Policy program partnered with the IT staff at Alexandria City Public Schools (ACPS) in Virginia to conduct a pilot study as a first step toward addressing this challenge. The study, Measuring Broadband in Schools, looked at the complexities of understanding network capacity in education institutions, and sought to better understand the challenges of measuring network capacity at the point of use in schools.

Chris Ritzo

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2016

Measuring Latency Variation in the Internet

The authors analyse two complementary datasets to quantify the latency variation experienced by Internet end-users: (i) a large-scale active measurement dataset (from the Measurement Lab Network Diagnostic Tool) which shed light on long-term trends and regional differences; and (ii) passive measurement data from an access aggregation link which is used to analyse the edge links closest to the user. The analysis shows that variation in latency is both common and of significant magnitude, with two thirds of samples exceeding 100 ms of variation. The variation is seen within single connections as well as between connections to the same client. The distribution of experienced latency variation is heavy-tailed, with the most affected clients seeing an order of magnitude larger variation than the least affected. In addition, there are large differences between regions, both within and between continents. Despite consistent improvements in throughput, most regions show no reduction in latency variation over time, and in one region it even increases.

Toke Hoiland-Jorgensen et al., CoNEXT ‘16

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Analysis of Impartial Quality Measurements on Indian Broadband Connections

Broadband Internet user base is growing at an exponential pace in India. The market pressures are forcing the Internet service providers (ISPs) to sell their service offerings aggressively, resulting in a growing discrepancy between consumer expectations and service offerings from the ISPs. This discrepancy is often evident in experienced vs offered Internet connection service. This study examines the Quality of Service (QoS) variations for Internet connections of the Indian broadband users.

TSRK Prasad, Dhruv Shekhawat, Sukanto Guha, Neena Goveas and Bharat Deshpande

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CUSUM Anomaly Detection

The CUSUM anomaly detection (CAD) method is based on CUSUM statistical process control charts. CAD is used to detect anomalous subsequences of a time series that show a subtle shift in the mean relative to the context of the sequence itself. CAD was applied in order to look for anomalies in M­Lab’s database of Network Diagnostic Tool (NDT) results.

Kinga Farkas

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Traffic Microbursts and their Effect on Internet Measurement *

Report on M-Lab’s evaluation of reported site performance degradation in late 2015 due to switch discards caused by microburst traffic.

M-Lab Research Team

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2015

Measuring broadband performance using M-Lab: Why averages tell a poor tale

Broadband network performance is multi-faceted: it varies by ISP, by content source, by household connection, and by time-of-day. Daily or monthly averages, as published by content providers such as Netflix and Google, do not convey the full picture. In this paper we leverage M-Lab, the world’s largest open measurement platform, to characterize broadband performance across Australian households. Our study delves into millions of data samples collected from 96,882 households over four months, and looks beyond averages to make several interesting observations: 1) There is considerable variation amongst households, in terms of their broadband speeds and variability of network performance within a day and across days, and this information is lost when data is averaged across houses; 2) The fluctuations (even for a specific house) are significant, and can exhibit unexpected patterns, such as wide variations from one day to the next, and some clusters of outliers at certain times of the day. 3) By our experimental results, we conclude that neither aggregating by household nor aggregating by day or by hour is a sound measurement strategy. Moreover, our study sheds new perspectives on broadband evaluation by using M-Lab data, and can inspire future study into the underlying reasons of performance variation.

Xiaohong Deng, Jordan G Hamilton, Jason Thorne, Vijay Sivaraman

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OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2015

This report assesses how countries can maximise the potential of the digital economy as a driver for innovation and inclusive growth, and discusses the evolutions in the digital economy that policy makers need to consider as well as the emerging challenges they need to address as a part of national digital strategies. Chapters include an overview of the current status and outlook of the digital economy; the main trends in the ICT sector, and developments in communication and regulation policy; and overviews of ICT demand and adoption, plus the effects of the digital economy on growth and development. This volume also includes a chapter on developments related to trust in the digital economy and on the emerging Internet of things.

OECD

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Public QoS and Net Neutrality Measurements: Current Status and Challenges Toward Exploitable Results

The interest for Quality of Service (QoS) measurements in the Internet has exceeded the boundaries of research laboratories and passed into the public domain. The Internet is treated as a public utility, and users are given the right to access Internet content of their choice at an adequate quality. This coincides with the sustained interest for net neutrality (NN), basic safeguards for which are being taken in countries all over the world. Today, several tools have become available that empower end-users to measure the performance of their Internet connection and detect NN violations. However, the value that end-users obtain with these measurements is still small and the results are not being exploited satisfactorily by regulatory authorities, policy makers, and consumers. In this article, we perform a detailed review of the tools that are currently available for public QoS and NN measurements and explore three challenges that must be met in order to extract more value from the results: (a) Harmonization of measurement methodologies of basic performance parameters (throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss); (b) the creation of a toolbox for detecting and monitoring NN violations; and (c) the use of a proper sampling plan for producing estimates over population groups.

Ioannis Koukoutsidis

Download link: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.5325/jinfopoli.5.2015.0245.pdf

European capability for situational awareness

This study examines the field of Internet and Human Rights and more specifically, Internet Censorship measurement. The European Commission DG-Connect commissioned this study to assess the potential for a European Capability for Situational Awareness that continuously monitors and analyses the existence of Internet interference in combination with Human Rights Violations and recommend on potential implementation of such an ECSA. A proof-of-concept website was produced along with this report.

European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology

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Analysis of End-User QoE in Community Networks

Community networks are a potential model for the Future Internet, where the users form and operate the network instead of a central, commercial entity. Socio-economic studies show that community networks are an excellent model to develop networking infrastructure commons (as common-pool resources or public goods) that promote sustainable development, with greater effects in less developed areas. The performance of parts of community networks has been studied extensively, often focusing on routing protocols or applications on top of community networks. This work focuses on the end-to-end quality of Internet access in community networks, as a validation of the technical applicability of this concept in under-served regions.

Bart Braem, Johan Bergs, Chris Blondia, Leandro Navarro, Sabine Wittevrongel

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Measuring Broadband America Report - 2015

The FCC’s 2015 survey of Internet performance in the United States, with measurement performed against the M-Lab infrastructure

Office of Engineering and Technology and Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau

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2014

ISP Interconnection and Its Impact on Consumer Internet Performance—A Measurement Lab Consortium Technical Report *

Research on the impact of ISP interconnections

M-Lab Research Team

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  • Study methodology referenced on page 35, formerly on code.google.com, may now be found on this website as a PDF.
  • NDT source code and NDT Test methodology documents referenced on page 36, formerly on code.google.com, may now be found on GitHub: NDT Source Code - NDT Test Methodology

Challenges and Issues on Collecting and Analyzing Large Volumes of Network Data Measurements

New Trends in Databases and Information Systems 2014

E. Masala, A. Servetti, S. Basso, J. C. De Martin

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Measuring Broadband America Report - 2014

The FCC’s 2014 survey of Internet performance in the United States, with measurement performed against the M-Lab infrastructure

Office of Engineering and Technology and Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau

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2013

Visualizing Internet-Measurements Data for Research Purposes: The NeuViz Data Visualization Tool

Overview of NeuViz, a network measurement visualization tool tailored to work with data from the NeuBot measurement test

Giuseppe Futia, Enrico Zimuel, Simone Basso, Juan Carlos De Martin

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Dimming the Internet: Detecting Throttling as a Mechanism of Censorship in Iran *

Use of M-Lab’s NDT data to analyze Iranian Internet throttling and censorship

Collin Anderson

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Strengthening Measurements from the Edges: Application-level Packet Loss Rate Estimation

ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 2013

S. Basso, M. Meo, J. C. De Martin

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Measuring Broadband America Report—February 2013

The FCC’s February 2013 survey of Internet performance in the United States, with measurement performed against the M-Lab infrastructure

Office of Engineering and Technology and Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau

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2012

Broadband Access to the Internet via Mobile Interfaces

Examination of mobile network performance indicators in the context of a European regulatory framework—IEEE WMCNT 2012

P. Bardowski, J. Klink, M. J. Podolska, T. Uhl

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Network Neutrality and Consumer Discrimination: Comparing ISP’s GTCs and DPI Application

Examination of data from M-Lab’s Glasnost tool and other sources to explore its role in the network neutrality debate—EconStor 2012

N. Grove, D. Agic, J. Sedlmeir

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Measuring Internet Performance When Broadband Is the New PSTN

Review of M-Lab and other sources of performance measurement data in an era when “broadband is the new PSTN”—MIT technical report 2012

B. Lehr, S. Bauer, D. Clark

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Estimating Packet Loss Rate in the Access through Application-level Measurements

A proposed model for estimating packet loss rate by a given connection, using data from the Neubot measurement test

S. Basso, M. Meo, A. Servetti, J. C. De Martin

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LIFEGUARD: Practical Repair of Persistent Route Failures

Examination of long-term network outages using data from measurement tests, and proposal of a system for detection, localization, and remediation

E. Katz-Bassett, C. Scott, D. Choffnes, I. Cunha, V. Valancius, N. Feamster, H. Madhyastha, T. Anderson, A. Krishnamurthy

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Unraveling the Economic and Political Drivers of Deep Packet Inspection

Identification and examination of deep packet inspection (DPI) used to throttle and block BitTorrent traffic, using data from M-Lab’s Glasnost test.

H. Asghari, M. van Eeten, M. Mueller

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Measuring Broadband America Report - 2012

The FCC’s 2012 survey of Internet performance in the United States, with measurement performed against the M-Lab infrastructure

Office of Engineering and Technology and Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau

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2011

Broadband Internet Performance: A View from the Gateway

Presentation of the first study of network access link performance measured by BISmark by the architects of the BISmark router-based measurement test

S. Sundaresan, W. Donato, N. Feamster, R. Teixeira, S. Crawford, A. Pescape

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Deep Packet Inspection and Bandwidth Management: Battles over BitTorrent in Canada and the United States

Examination of DPI use by Internet service providers to enable throttling or blocking of BitTorrent uploads or downloads—TPRC 2011

M. L. Mueller, H. Asghari

Measuring Broadband America Report - 2011

The FCC’s 2011 survey of Internet performance in the United States, with measurement performed against the M-Lab infrastructure

Office of Engineering and Technology and Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau

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ShaperProbe: End-to-end Detection of ISP Traffic Shaping Using Active Methods

Methodology for detecting various types of traffic shaping—IMC 2011

P. Kanuparthy, C. Dovrolis

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2010

Measurement Lab: Overview and an Invitation to the Research Community *

Discussion of the scope of the effort by M-Lab founders, and an invitation to the research community to join them in expanding global measurement

C. Dovrolis, K. Gummadi, A. Kuzmanovic, S. D. Meinrath

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Understanding Broadband Speed Measurements

Review of different speed measurement tests, including M-Lab’s NDT test, and examination of the benefits of different approaches

S. Bauer, D. Clark, W. Lehr

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Reverse Traceroute

Discussion of the model for providing reverse trace information by the architects of the Reverse Traceroute test—NSDI 2010

E. Katz-Bassett, H. V. Madhyastha, V. K. Adhikari, C. Scott, J. Sherry, P. van Wesep, T. Anderson, A. Krishnamurthy

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Glasnost: Enabling End Users to Detect Traffic Differentiation

Description of the rationale behind the Glasnost test and the way it can help expose opaque ISP network management by its architects—NSDI 2010

M. Dischinger, M. Marcon, S. Guha, K. P. Gummadi, R. Mahajan, S. Saroiu

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2008

Pathdiag: Automated TCP Diagnosis

Review of the pathdiag test, used to diagnose network performance problems commonly affecting TCP-based applications

M. Mathis, J. Heffner, P. O’Neil, P. Siemsen

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Detecting BitTorrent Blocking

Review of the model used by architects of the Glasnost test to design a test to detect ISP throttling and blocking of the BitTorrent protocol

M. Dischinger, A. Mislove, A. Haeberlen, K. P. Gummadi

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Additional Relevant Bibliographic References

The macroscopic behavior of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm

ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review; Volume 27 Issue 3, July 1997; Pages 67-82

The authors analyze a performance model for the TCP Congestion Avoidance algorithm. The model predicts the bandwidth of a sustained TCP connection subjected to light to moderate packet losses, such as loss caused by network congestion. It assumes that TCP avoids retransmission timeouts and always has sufficient receiver window and sender data. The model predicts the Congestion Avoidance performance of nearly all TCP implementations under restricted conditions and of TCP with Selective Acknowledgements over a much wider range of Internet conditions.We verify the model through both simulation and live Internet measurements. The simulations test several TCP implementations under a range of loss conditions and in environments with both drop-tail and RED queuing. The model is also compared to live Internet measurements using the TReno diagnostic and real TCP implementations. The authors also present several applications of the model to problems of bandwidth allocation in the Internet. They use the model to analyze networks with multiple congested gateways; this analysis shows strong agreement with prior work in this area. Finally, the authors present several important implications about the behavior of the Internet in the presence of high load from diverse user communities.

Matthew Mathis, Jeffrey Semke, Jamshid Mahdavi (Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center), Teunis Ott (Bellcore)

Available Online

Government / Regulatory Filings

2020

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2017

7/14/2017 - FCC: Restoring Internet Freedom, GN Docket No. 17-108

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4/25/2017 - TRAI (India): Counter Comments on TRAI Consultation Paper on Net Neutrality

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4/12/2017 - TRAI (India): TRAI Consultation Paper on Net Neutrality

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2016

10/11/2016 - NTIA - https://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/m-lab.pdf : Comments on the National Broadband Research Agenda, Docket Number: 160831803-6803-01

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2015

2/19/2015 - FCC: Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet, GN Docket No. 14-28; Framework for Broadband Internet Services, GN Docket No. 10-127

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2013

1/10/2013 - FCC: Notice of Oral Ex Parte Communications, GN Docket No. 12-264

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2012

10/22/2012 - FCC: Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps To Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, as Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act

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9/21/2012 - FCC: Notice of Oral Ex Parte Communications, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36

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7/30/2012: Notice of Oral Ex Parte Communications, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36

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7/18/2012: Letter, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36

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6/29/2012: Notice of Ex Parte, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36

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6/29/2012: Amendment to Notice of Ex Parte, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36

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Presentations

2020

Deprecating the TCP Macroscopic Model (ACM SIGCOMM 2020, Best of CCR, Aug. 2020)

A presentation submitted to the virtual ACM SIGCOMM 2020, best of CCR session. The original paper was published in CCR in October 2019.

Matt Mathis

M-Lab: Measuring Internet Performance

On 6/15/2020, M-Lab Director, Lai Yi Ohlsen, presented about M-Lab’s tools, methodologies, and data to the Internet Measurement Village.

Lai Yi Ohlsen

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ESnet CI Engineering Brownbag - NDT, its evolution, and how you can now easily run your own server

On 6/5/2020, M-Lab contributor, Peter Boothe, presented an ESnet CI Engineering Brownbag on the evolution of NDT and how to run your own NDT server.

Peter Boothe

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ESnet CI Engineering Brownbag - NDT and the evolution of transport protocols

On 3/20/2020, M-Lab contributor, Matt Mathis, presented an ESnet CI Engineering Brownbag on BBR and the evolution of transport protocols.

Matt Mathis

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Open Broadband Measurement Tools for Community Driven Data Collection

As a part of the Michigan Moonshot Webinar series, M-Lab Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, shared information about the publicly available datasets and tools from Measurement Lab (M-Lab), and how they have been used for planning, decision making, and advocacy. M-Lab is an open source, civil society led, global platform for measuring broadband Internet service. In addition to supporting a portion of the FCC’s Measuring Broadband America program since its beginnings, M-Lab’s open source tools and data have been used in similar initiatives on local and regional levels, enabling communities to gather data about broadband in their communities, including the Michigan Moonshot initiative.

Chris Ritzo

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M-Lab : Internet Measurement - Open Source, Open Data

M-Lab Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, presented remotely to the Network Technologies and Services Evolution work group of the GÉANT GN4-3 project, at their workshop on Performance Management, held in Zagreb on 4th-5th March 2020.

Chris Ritzo

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ACT Broadband Hackathon Presentation

M-Lab Project Director, Lai Yi Ohlsen, presented to the ACT Broadband Hackathon on 2020-03-14, an overview of the M-Lab platform’s tools and tests enabling community-driven data collection of Internet speeds and quality of service.

Lai Yi Ohlsen

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2019

Hack for a Cause 2019

M-Lab’s Program Management and Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, gave a keynote to kick off Hack for a Cause 2019, April 26-28, 2019 in Eugene, OR. The grand challenge was Speedup America, a web application that aggregates M-Lab data, the NDT speed test, and requests enhanced geolocation within the web browser. The grand challenge was put forward by Lane County government, to encourage innovation to build understanding of broadband availability and quality of service with high geographic accuracy. For M-Lab, Speedup America represents a growing developer community and the use of our public data and open source tools to serve the needs of local and regional governments and municipalities.

Chris Ritzo

2019 Hack for a Cause Challenges Speedupamerica.com

Measurement Lab - Open Data on Global Internet Health - csv,conf,v4

Measurement Lab (M-Lab) is the largest open internet measurement platform in the world, hosting internet-scale measurement experiments and releasing all data into the public domain (CC0). We are an open source project with contributors from civil society organizations, educational institutions, and private sector companies, and are a fiscally sponsored project of Code for Science & Society. Our mission is to Measure the Internet, save the data, and make it universally accessible and useful. M-Lab works to advance network research and empowers the public with useful information about broadband and mobile connections by maintaining a scalable, global platform for conducting internet measurements, and by supporting an ecosystem of external partners and users around the world interested in using the resulting open data. Our users are researchers, activists, analysts, journalists, experiment developers, hosting providers, regulators, municipalities, and every day consumers. M-Lab works to enhance internet transparency, and help to promote and sustain a healthy, innovative internet by supporting our users in their research and data analyses, developing and publicizing new use cases for our datasets, forming collaborative partnerships, and building open source measurement tools. In this talk we will introduce the M-Lab platform with the csvconf audience, share how our open data and open source tools are being used by communities around the world, and provide resources on how attendees might use them as well.

Chris Ritzo

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University of Guelf Broadband Analytics Workshop

The Regional and Rural Broadband (R2B2) Project hosted guests from Measurement Lab (M-Lab) which provides the largest collection of open Internet performance data on the planet. The workshop also considers new and existing tools for broadband infrastructure mapping, data visualization and analysis.

Chris Ritzo

Event Description Morning Overview Slides

Afternoon Workshop Slides

Supporting Open Internet Research - IETF 105 - Global Access to the Internet for All (GAIA)

M-Lab Director, Lai Yi Ohlsen, and Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, presented remotely to the GAIA working group at IETF 105. The talk, “Supporting Open Internet Research”, provided an introduction to M-Lab tools and data, and how our platform is currently used by researchers.

Lai Yi Ohlsen, Chris Ritzo

IETF, GAIA Agenda View Slides

Supporting Open Internet Research - RIPE 79 Plenary

M-Lab Director, Lai Yi Ohlsen, gave a plenary session at RIPE 79, providing an overview of Measurement Lab, our community of users, and how our open source tools and data support researchers around the world.

Lai Yi Ohlsen

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SHLB Coalition AnchorNets 2019 Session

Staff from Simmons University, Measurement Lab, and Internet2 presented at the Schools Health & Libraries Broadband Coalition’s annual AnchorNets conference, October 17, 2019 in Alexandria, Virgina. The session provided an introduction and update to the research project, Measuring Library Broadband Networks, in which partners are working together with public libraries in the United States to measure their broadband networks. The purpose is to better understand how libraries can leverage broadband to better serve their communities’ digital needs. Funded by a grant (award #LG-71-18-0110-18) from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Service (IMLS), the team will work with up to 60 libraries in rural, suburban, and urban communities through May 2020, to gather quantitative and qualitative data using participatory design approaches. The project aims to: understand the broadband speeds and quality of service that public libraries receive; assess how well broadband service and infrastructure are supporting libraries’ communities’ digital needs; understand broadband network usage and capacity, along with additional data that would be useful to public libraries in providing their communities with online software applications and social and technical infrastructure, and increase libraries’ knowledge of networked services and connectivity needs.

Jo Dutilloy (Simmons), Susan Kennedy (Simmons), Stephanie Stenberg (Internet2), Chris Ritzo (M-Lab)

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NACo Annual Conference

M-Lab Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, provided an overview of M-Lab to NACo’s Rural Action Caucus (RAC). NACo’s “TestIT” app that integrates M-Lab’s NDT test was of specific interest as the national association of county elected officials explores the connection between national broadband data and federal funding. RAC members also had the opportunity to ask questions of NACo’s developer of the TestIT App, learn how to access and analyze the data being collected.

Chris Ritzo

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NACo Rural Action Caucus Summit

M-Lab’s Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, provided a follow up talk about M-Lab default NDT data and test data collected by NACo’s TestIT mobile app, and discussed the nuances and differences between these two sources of broadband measurements and the various FCC data sources.

Chris Ritzo

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African Internet Summit 2019 - M-Lab Workshop

M-Lab tech lead, Peter Boothe, and M-Lab Advisory Committee Chair, Georgia Bullen, attended AIS 2019 in Kampala, Uganda. Working with local and regional research partners, Georgia and Peter presented a workshop on Internet measurement data, including data from M-Lab and RIPE Atlas.

Georgia Bullen, Peter Boothe

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Supporting Open Internet Research - Quilt Community Call Presentation

M-Lab Director, Lai Yi Ohlsen, and Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, presented to the regional research and education network community, The Quilt, in their December community call. The talk, “Supporting Open Internet Research”, provided an introduction to M-Lab tools and data, and how our platform is currently used by researchers and M-Lab open source tools available to the R&E Network community.

Lai Yi Ohlsen, Chris Ritzo

View Slides The Quilt Website

Measuring Internet Performance - 2019 Indigenous Connectivity Summit

M-Lab Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, co-presented with May Lynn Lee from Cybera, a breakout session on measuring Internet performance at the 2019 Indigenous Connectivity Summit. Both M-Lab and Cybera are involved in similar premise device-based measurement initiatives with community anchor institutions in the United States and Canada respectively.

May Lynn Lee, Cybera; Chris Ritzo, Measurement Lab

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Internet2 Tech Exchange - Bring NDT Back: Measurement Lab Modernizes NDT Server

The R&E network community using perfSONAR used to include the Network Diagnostic Tool (NDT), a single stream performance measurement of bulk transport capacity. Many years ago, perfSONAR dropped support for NDT since its dependence on the web100 kernel library required running old, outdated, and hard to secure linux kernels. Measurement Lab (M-Lab) had the same problem, but has continued to host NDT as an Internet measurement service on our global server platform. Over the past two years, M-Lab developers have been working through the technical debt to migrate our platform to Docker containers, managed by Kubernetes, and concurrently have refactored NDT server, and developed reference clients for various languages and operating systems. The new NDT server is ‘Docker-ized’ and is based on WebSocket and TLS, uses TCP BBR where it is available, and is backward compatible with previous clients. M-Lab anticipates that. by the end of Q3 2019, all our servers worldwide will be running the new NDT version, managed by Kubernetes.

The M-Lab team is eager to share this work with the R&E network community and offers to contribute this work to the perfSONAR toolkit. This session will demo the new NDT server and reference clients, and we hope to engage with the R&E network community on this exciting development.

Chris Ritzo, Matt Mathis

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2018

2017

Experiences Monitoring Measurement Lab

PromCon 2017 Lightning Talk outlining M-lab’s transition to Prometheus monitoring.

Stephen Soltesz

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Visualizing the Health of the Internet - Measurement Lab + Bocoup

Presented at the Open Data Science Conference in Boston, May 2017 Also presented at the Strata Data Conference in London, May 2017

Irene Ros

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M-Lab: What it is, why you should use it, and what’s happening in 2017

Presented at the Google Networking Research Summit, February 2017

P. Boothe

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2012

M-Lab at IMC

Presented at IMC, November 2012

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M-Lab—Network Science at Scale

Presented at MIT, November 2012

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M-Lab—Open Internet Performance Data and How to Get it

Presented at the OECD—WPIIS, December 14, 2012

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Other M-Lab Documentation

M-Lab Two-Pager

A brief overview of M-Lab

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M-Lab Server Specifications for Contributors

A detailed technical review of the specifications and requirements for M-Lab server hosts

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How to Get Involved with M-Lab

An overview of ways to join and support the M-Lab consortium

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Requirements and Procedure for Approval of New M-Lab tests

A description of the requirements and process for approval of a new measurement test on the M-Lab platform

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M-Lab Roles and Responsibilities

An outline of the roles and responsibilities for researchers using the M-Lab platform

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M-Lab’s Founding Vision

The founding vision and operational procedures of the M-Lab measurement consortium, as laid out in 2009

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